MScThesis on Agnihotra to CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidyalaya (University),Palampur

RICHA KUMARI SUBMITTED TO CHAUDHARY SARWAN KUMAR HIMACHAL PRADESH KRISHI VISHVAVIDYALAYA PALAMPUR-176 062 (H.P.) INDIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BASIC SCIENCES (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES) 2009

Dr. Punam Directorate of Extension Education
Extension Specialist (Agro forestry) CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidyalaya,
Palampur-176062 (HP)INDIA

CHAPTER VI SUMMARY
An experiment entitled “Evaluation of Environment Healing -Homa Farming “Agnihotra” activity in Organic Farm” was conducted in 3 experimental studies during 2008-09. The objective of the research work was to work out the relationship of Agnihotra timings, different base mediums, offerings and mantras with the nutrients / agrochemicals in the Agnihotra ash.
First study consisted of 24 treatments comprising of all possible combinations of activity timings and Agnihotra apparatus. Second study also consisted of 24 treatments having combinations of activity timings and Agnihotra offerings. Third study consisted of 12 treatments having combinations of activity timings and chanting of mantras. The studies were laid out in Completely Randomized Design with three replications.
Ash samples collected after every Agnihotra activity were analyzed for ash colour and chemical parameters i.e., pH, OC, S, P, K, Ca, Mg and micronutrients. The salient findings obtained from the studies have been summarized in this chapter.
6.1. Study 1-Effect of Activity Timings and Different Agnihotra Mediums on Physical and Chemical Parameters of Agnihotra Ash
1 The colour of the ash was found to be grey when dry and black when moist.

2 Agnihotra ash was alkaline in nature.

3 Nutrients / agrochemicals (P, Ca, Mg and Mn) and OC in ash were significantly higher when Agnihotra was performed at standard timings irrespective of the nature of pyramids.

4 When timings were changed w.r.t. standard time, then the effect was not significant on the concentration of nutrients / agrochemicals irrespective of the nature of pyramids in ash.

5 Significantly higher concentration of OC and nutrients / agrochemicals (K and Cu) was found in copper pyramid irrespective of activity timings.

6 When medium of the Agnihotra pyramid was changed w.r.t. standard pyramid i.e., copper then there was no significant effect on the concentration of rest of the nutrients / agrochemicals in ash irrespective of activity timings.

7 Interaction effect of activity timings and different pyramids had significant effect only on the concentrations of OC and Cu. In ash, OC was significantly higher when Agnihotra was performed at standard time in standard medium i.e., copper. The significantly higher concentration of Cu was obtained when Agnihotra was performed in copper pyramid at half an hour after standard timings.

6.2. Study 2 – Effect of Activity Timings and Different Offerings on Physical and Chemical Parameters of Agnihotra Ash
1 The colour of the ash was found to be grey in dry and black in moist ash.

2 Agnihotra ash was alkaline in nature.

3 Mg and Zn contents in ash were significantly higher when Agnihotra was performed at standard timings i.e., exact sunrise and sunset time irrespective of offerings.

4 Activity timings had no significant effect on the concentration of rest of the nutrients / agrochemicals except in Ca, Cu and OC. Significantly higher concentrations of Ca and Cu were obtained at half an hour before standard timings and in case of OC at half an hour before and after standard timings irrespective of offerings.

5 Significantly higher concentration of OC, K, P, Cu and Zn were found in ash with standard offering i.e., cow dung + ghee + rice grains irrespective of activity timings.

6 When offerings were changed w.r.t. standard offering, there was no significant effect on the concentration of rest of the nutrients / agrochemicals in ash.

7 Interaction effect of different activity timings and different offerings on the concentration of nutrients / agrochemicals in ash was not significant except in case of Cu, Zn and OC. In case of Cu, significantly highest concentration was recorded at half an hour before standard timings with cow dung + ghee offering, whereas, Zn concentration was significantly high at half an hour before standard timings with cow dung + ghee + rice grains offering. In case of OC, significantly higher concentration was obtained when Agnihotra was performed at half an hour after standard timing with standard offering i.e., cow dung + ghee + rice grains

6.3. Study 3 - Effect of Activity Timings and Chanting of Mantras on Physical and Chemical Parameters of Agnihotra Ash
1 The colour of the ash was found to be grey when dry and black when moist.

2 Agnihotra ash was alkaline in nature.

3 Concentrations of OC and nutrients / agrochemicals (Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu) in ash were significantly higher when Agnihotra was performed at standard timings irrespective of chanting of mantras.

4 When timings were changed w.r.t. standard time, then the effect was not significant on the concentration of nutrients / agrochemicals in ash irrespective of chanting of mantras.

5 Concentration of nutrients / agrochemicals (Mg, P, Fe and Cu) in ash was significantly higher when Agnihotra was performed with chanting of mantras irrespective of activity timings but in rest of the nutrients / agrochemicals and OC, effect of chanting of mantras was not significant.

6 The interaction effect of different activity timings and chanting of mantras revealed that chanting of mantras and activity timings had no significant effect on the concentration of all the nutrients / agrochemicals (except Cu) and OC in Agnihotra ash. Cu in ash was significantly higher when Agnihotra was performed at standard time with chanting of mantras.

Conclusion:
From the present study it can be concluded that

1. When Agnihotra was performed at exact timings in copper pyramid using standard offerings, it was found that Agnihotra ash was alkaline in nature and comprised of OC(11.1 g/kg), P(17.17 g/kg), S(0.60 g/kg), K(46.15 g/kg), Ca(13.17 g/kg), Mg(0.92 g/kg), Fe(3.91 g/kg), Mn(0.96 g/kg), Cu(0.61 g/kg), Zn(0.26 g/kg).

2 When individual effect of activity timings, different mediums, different offerings and chanting of mantras was taken into account, then maximum concentration of majority of important nutrients / agrochemicals for crop and soil was obtained in Agnihotra ash at standard timings, in standard pyramid i.e., copper, in standard offering i.e., cow dung + ghee + rice grains and with chanting of mantras.

3 There was no significant relationship of activity timings, mediums, offerings and chanting of mantras with the concentrations of nutrients / agrochemicals in the Agnihotra ash.

4 In Homa farming, Agnihotra ash known for its fertilizing as well as plant protecting quality does not seem to have its effect on the soil crop exclusively because of the nutrients / agrochemicals present in it but may be because of the subtle energies entrapped in it which purify the atmosphere.

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